Composer is a dependency manager for PHP. If you’ve done any modern PHP development in the last few years, you’ve probably used it. Packagist is a composer repository — a place where composer can look up packages (libraries) that are installable.
This post is going to cover why you should use a dependency manager and how to get started integrating Composer with your WordPress site.
Why Use a Dependency Manager with WordPress
Code reuse is a good thing — your clients aren’t paying you to reinvent the wheel, they’re paying you to build them a website or application. Chances are you already know this, so you have a set of go to plugins that you use on every WordPress site you build. You’re already using other peoples code via plugins, but there’s an entire world of modern PHP libraries available to you via composer.
Someone has also taken it upon themselves to make every plugin available as a composer dependency.
A dependency manager can be part of your build pipeline and keep 3rd party code out of your source repository. It also opens up a lot of opportunity to use otherwise unavailable PHP libraries.
If you’re one of those folks who likes to hack apart plugins to make them do what you want (and then have your changes destroyed by a plugin update), a dependency manager will force you to think a bit differently about how to accomplish those goals.
Getting Started with Composer
Since you’ve been at this a while, you know putting WordPress in a subdirectory is the way to go. Maybe you’ve used a submodule like Mark Jaquith suggests.
That’s awesome! It gives us a starting point with composer: let’s convert that WordPress submodule to a composer dependency.
First off, you’ll need to remove the submodule. We’re not going to cover that here.
A Brief Venture in Composer Installers
Composer installs libraries into vendor directory at the root of your project. Specifically each package goes into vendor/{vendorName}/{libraryName} by default. An installer lets you change that behavior based on the type of package. Because WordPress isn’t really a library (it’s more of an application, with static assets) we need to install it in a custom location somewhere on the document root.
Fortunately, we don’t have to build that ourselves because it already exists.
Back to Installing WordPress
You define composer dependencies with a composer.json file at the root of your project. There’s an auto updated fork of WordPress that includes a composer.json file of it’s own and is on packagist.
The most bare bones composer file include the WordPress installer and WordPress itself as a dependency and that’s it. There’s also an extra section where you tell the WP installer where to put WordPress.
The above will install WordPress in the wp directory. Assuming you’ve installed composer, you can now run composer install from the command line.
Listing our new directory, we can see WordPress, a new vendor directory, and a composer.lock file.
wp-composer-example$ ls composer.json composer.lock vendor wp
Installing Plugins & Custom Repositories
So we’ve got WordPress installed, let’s install some plugins with composer! Remember the installer bit above? There’s also custom installers for WordPress plugins and themes as part of the composer/installers library. So let’s pull that in and tell composer where to put things. The file path’s below assume you’ve set content to be the wp-content folder.
To install plugins as a composer dependencies form WP Packagist we also need to add it as a repository in our composer.json file. Our new file looks like this:
Let’s install WordPress SEO as a dependency:
After a run of composer update from the command line, we we now have a content directory containing our newly installed plugin!
wp-composer-example$ ls composer.json composer.lock content vendor wp wp-composer-example$ ls wp-content/plugins/ wordpress-seo
Other Tips
Ideally you deploy your WordPress site in such a way that the vendor folder and your composer.{lock,json} files are not on your document root and are inaccessible to the public. If you’re taking the first steps using composer that might not be the case, so you can block those files with server configuration.
I’ve written a small WordPress Skeleton to get you started with composer.
Take the First Step
Once you start using composer it’s really hard to go back. Give it a try — at the very least you can try installing WordPress via composer and move on from there.